It is increasingly evident that urbanization processes significantly reduce the infiltration capacity of city soil during rainfall events. This inevitably results in the migration of various substances from the place where they are deposited to the entrance into the drainage system: a phenomenon known as wash off.
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Among the elements that make up the urban drainage system there are crowning and closing devices. The UNI EN 124:2015 standard defines:
• crowning device the upper part of a collection well composed of a frame and grate with or without cover;
• closing device the upper part of an inspection pit or inspection chamber composed of a frame and a cover and/or grid.
In this case, the gully gratings play the fundamental role of connecting the road surface and the sewer pipes, intercepting the rainwater that flows on the surface, but also that of closing manholes serving the electricity, telephone and road lines.
Based on their hydraulic role, the gully gratings are designed to significantly interfere with the rainwater runoff regime, counteract road erosion and avoid dynamic and viscous aquaplaning linked to the thickness of the water film on the roadway.
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The structure of a building flooris is a result of an elaborate stratigraphy that depending on the material chosen and the type of floor on which it is laid.
The use of the terms subfloor, laying base and reinforced mesh as synonyms often misleads, because they are different parts of the stratigraphy.
In usual building practice, the subfloor is laid on top of the attic: a horizontal layer, approximately 10 cm thick, having the function of filling the cavity with the systems and compensating for thickness irregularities.
The reinforced mesh is subsequently laid as a support layer for the floors which has the purpose of resisting the various mechanical stresses imparted both by the flooring and by its operation, distributing the static and dynamic loads.
It is one of the components of the stratigraphy of the floor that must be studied with greater attention based on the type of floor and the physical and mechanical performance required, which is why it is said: "each floor has its own reinforced mesh".
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