In the absence of targeted interventions, the discharge of first-flush runoff—polluted by dust, sediment, microplastics, and vehicular residues—compromises water resource quality, ecosystem health, and community well-being.
While frequent mechanical street sweeping alone does not significantly reduce overall pollutant loads or concentrations in urban runoff, combining it with proper maintenance of catch basins—which connect road surfaces to sewer networks and intercept surface stormwater—can serve as a primary defense barrier.
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Rain gardens are aesthetically pleasing urban green spaces designed not only to enhance the beauty of their sites and increase biodiversity, but above all to collect water from impervious surfaces (roofs, roads, sidewalks, etc.), facilitate its accumulation, and facilitate its infiltration into the soil.
Apparently considered ornamental elements, rain gardens actually play a fundamental role in the urban water system, as they:
• promote deep percolation toward the underlying aquifer and water filtration, improving its quality by filtering out any pollutants;
• maintain a fully functional and stable ecosystem over time, providing a habitat for small birds, butterflies, and other insects that would otherwise find few other habitats in the city;
• They significantly reduce surface runoff and runoff, simultaneously reducing the amount of water conveyed to the drainage system.

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